Linking to a nonfederal website does not constitute an endorsement by cdc or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Prevention of early vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb of the newborn, with onset at birth to 2 weeks of age formerly known as classic hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, by oral or parenteral administration of vitamin k is accepted practice. Vitamin k is necessary for the formation of prothrombin and other bloodclotting factors in the liver, and it also plays a role in bone metabolism. Describes vitamin k deficiency and related laboratory tests used to help make a diagnosis. Vitamin k given to newborns as a routine has been the standard recommendation by the american academy of. Vitamin c is now known for its antioxidant activity, whereas vitamin d is an important factor in the prevention of diseases ranging from neuromusculatory diseases to cancer. The prevalence of vitamin k deficiency varies by geographic region.
Vitamin solubility disease caused by deficiency vitamin a fat. Vkas induce profound deficiency of vitamin k, a key activator in the coagulation pathway. Commonly, a baby with vkdb will bleed into his or her. The main symptoms of a vitamin k deficiency include bruising easily and excess bleeding. A protein with catalytic properties due to its power of specific. Vitamin d fact sheet for consumers office of dietary. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn hdn, now known vitamin k deficiency bleeding disorder vkdbd, has been a recognized clinical entity for over 150 years, and the discovery of vitamin k led to a nobel prize for dam and doisy in 1943. Deficiency diseases and malnutrition gk notes in pdf. When the bleeding occurs inside the body, it can be difficult to notice. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb, formerly known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn hdn, is a bleeding disorder in neonates that is caused by inadequate serum levels of vitamin k. For most people, the primary dietary source of vitamin k is green leafy vegetables. Eating a normal, wellbalanced diet will not lead to toxicity in otherwise healthy individuals. However, vitamin k 2 may also protect against certain forms of cancer and heart disease.
Vitamins sources, benefits and deficiency diseases. The main symptom of a vitamin k deficiency is excessive bleeding caused by an inability to form blood clots. It is recognized however that vitamin k is also an essential cofactor in the activation of other extrahepatic proteins, such as matrix gla protein mgp. Babies who have diarrhea, celiac disease, or cystic fibrosis often have trouble absorbing vitamins, including vitamin k, from the foods they eat. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding or vkdb, occurs when babies cannot stop bleeding because their blood does not have enough vitamin k to form a clot. Vitamin k is a composite term referring to a group of fatsoluble vitamins that function as a cofactor for the enzyme. Nw newborn clinical guideline haematological disorders. Learn more about vitamin k deficiency in both adults and infants, including what causes it, symptoms to look out for, and how to treat and prevent it. The clinical manifestations of vitamin b12 deficiency fig 2,3 5 7 9 represent the effects of depletion on multiple systems and vary greatly in severity. For example, both b9 and b12 deficiency causes anemia in some cases a condition in which your body lacks healthy red blood cells which. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding revisited hong kong journal of. Causes of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn vkdb is caused by vitamin k deficiency.
Vitamins are essential to health and growth, and prevention and cure of diseases. Preventiontreatment vitamin k can be given orally in the case of someone who improperly absorbs fat or is at high risk of bleeding, vitamin k can be injected under the skin if a drug is causing vitamin k deficiency, the dose is altered or extra vitamin k is given in people who suffer from both severe liver disorders and vitamin k deficiency. Vitamin k deficiency and nutritional disorders learn about from the merck manuals medical professional version. Vitamin e is all the following eight compounds alpha, beta, gamma, and deltatocopherol and alpha, beta, gamma, and deltatocotrienol. Vitamin solubility disease caused by deficiency vitamin a fat night blindness. Vitamin k1 is the main form of vitamin k supplement available in the u. Find vitamin deficiency diseases chart pdf for your study, vitamins are very important for our health, but its deficiency causes specific diseases. Learn about vitamin k and vitamin k deficiency bleeding cdc. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb, haemorrhagic disease of the newborn see the vitamin k guideline and vitamin k drug protocol this diagnosis should be considered in infants who appear to bleed excessively easily, particularly if there is major evidence of haemorrhage e.
Normal newborn infants are at risk of vitamin k deficiency. The bleeding can occur anywhere on the inside or outside of the body. The document also advises whom parents should contact if they require additional information and guidance. Vitamin k ideficiency spontaneous hemorrhages increased blood clotting time. The medical therapy for vitamin k vk deficiency depends on the severity of the associated bleeding and the underlying disease state. Vitamin a deficiency imost deficiencies occur in late winter when no green grass is available. A form of the vitamin is produced by bacteria in the colon and can be utilized to some degree. The clinical manifesta tions are heterogeneous but can also be different depending on the degree and duration of d eficiency. Primary and secondary metabolites in animal tissues, one notices the presence of all categories of compounds shown in figure 9. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that chronic kidney disease ckd patients. Vitamin k in the newborn period how important is it. Vitamin k, the blood coagulation vitamin, is now known to be required for the prevention of osteoporotic bone loss, vascular calcification, whereas via gas6, a ligand. In the era of widespread administration of vitamin k to newborns, however, vitamin k related hemorrhagic disease is a rare neonatal event. Pdf vitamin k deficiency bleeding a case study researchgate.
Key words vitamin k, fractures, nonaccidental injury, shaken baby syndrome, child abuse, vitamin k deficiency disease introduction some unexplained fractures in in. Vitamin k consumption, on the other hand, seems to. Vitamin k deficiency nutritional disorders merck manuals. Vitamin k deficiency and nutritional disorders learn about from the msd manuals medical professional version. About 330,000 infants are cared for annually at born network nurseries across 34. Recently, some people have looked to vitamin k2 to treat osteoporosis and steroidinduced bone loss, but the research is.
Vitamin k deficiency nutritional disorders msd manual. Moreover, the 2015 global hunger index report ranked india 20th amongst leading countries with a serious hunger situation. Different vitamins belong to various chemical classes and it. A nutritionally balanced diet is normally sufficient to. In infants, doctors may observe vitamin k deficiency if there is. Vitamin b deficiency can increase the risk of various diseases and conditions which can affect your heart health, brain health, mental wellbeing, and more.
We present the case of a 2 months and 20 days caucasian male, presented for bleeding from the injections sites of vaccines. The document outlines the options for the route of administration of vitamin k. Deficiency diseases and malnutrition gk notes in pdf as per the world banks estimate, india has one of the highest number of children in the world suffering from malnutrition. Most vitamins cannot be made by the body, and can only be obtained from food and. Vitamin chart vitamin deficiency symptoms, benefits. Key words haemorrhagic disease of newborn, intracranial haemorrhage, vitamin k, vitamin k deficiency introduction normal newborn infants are at risk of vitamin k deficiency. What are the clinical features of vitamin b 12 deficiency. Vitamin k for newborn babies information for parents nhmrc. Pdf vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb, formerly known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn hdn, is a bleeding disorder in neonates. Controversies concerning vitamin k and the newborn. This brochure is based on the joint statement and recommendations on vitamin k administration to newborn infants to prevent vitamin k deficiency bleeding in infancy, that was reissued by the national health. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc cannot attest to the accuracy of a nonfederal website. Vitamins sources, benefits and deficiency diseases free ebook pdf current affairs and general awareness section is one of the most important and high scoring sections of ssc and railway exams like ssccgl, ssc cpo, ssc chsl, rrb je, rrb alp, etc.
Vitamin k deficiency causes impaired clotting of the blood and internal bleeding, even without. All of the vitamin e forms are absorbed in the small intestine, and then the liver metabolizes only alphatocopherol. In neonatal period, vitamin k deficiency may lead to vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb. However, taking vitamin supplements that contain megadoses. Vitamin k deficiency is very rare and most people get enough of this vitamin from their diet. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb of the newborn, previously known as haemorrhagic disease of the newborn, is a rare form of bleeding disorder that affects newborns and young infants due to low stores of vitamin k at birth. The risk for late vkdb is 81 times greater among infants not receiving vitamin k intramuscularly compared to those receiving this treatment. In a recently released study in pediatrics, jaspreet loyal and colleagues 10. Primary and secondary metabolites, vitamins, deficiency diseases, micronutrients vitamins and minerals, food sources of vitamins and minerals. A protein with catalytic properties due to its power of. K, are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity than watersoluble vitamins when consumed in excess. The vitamin chart below provides a quick reference guide to the functions of all vitamins, vitamin deficiency symptoms, and vitamin food sources. At birth oral vitamin k prophylaxis was administered. Babies are born with very small amounts of vitamin k stored in their bodies, which.
Vitamin k deficiency can be caused by fat malabsorption, which may be associated with severe liver disease andor biliary obstruction, pancreatic dysfunction, atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, or any cause of steatorrhea. Vitamin k deficiency an overview sciencedirect topics. Vitamin k deficiency in adults is rare but does occur in infants. Vitamin k, a fat soluble vitamin, is a necessary cofactor for the activation of coagulation factors ii, vii, ix, x, and protein c and s. Its a rare disease but still occurs, especially among african. He reported 50 neonates with a bleeding disorder that occurred during days 23 after birth. Results in a hemorrhagic disease called vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb this disease is associated with breastfeeding, maladsorption of lipids, or liver disorders.
Vitamin k deficiency can contribute to significant bleeding, poor bone development, osteoporosis, and increased cardiovascular disease. The most effective approach to correcting the deficiency also depends on the nature of the bleeding and the risk of inducing a local hematoma at the vk injection site. The charts below list the important vitamins and minerals required for your overall wellbeing and describe their functions, their sources, what can happen when you dont get enough the vitamin chart fat soluble vitamins a, d, e, k can be stored in the body and need not be consumed daily. For infants in the united states, vitamin k 1 deficiency without bleeding may occur in as many as 50% of infants younger than 5 days old, with the classic hemorrhagic disease occurring in 0. Alphatocopherol is the only compound of the eight that are known to meet human dietary needs. Neonates are at risk for vitamin k deficiency due to the relatively low passage of vitamin k across the placenta, the sterility of the newborn intestinal tract, and the lack of vitamin k in breast milk.